Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. There are great numbers of sort of solar stills the least difficult and most put examples on view of is the basin solar. A chimney design considerations of domestic solar dryer assisted with reflector. Solar stills can provide a solution for those areas where solar energy is available in plenty but water quality is not good. Electricity can be used for almost any application, and so is a universal energy. It concentrates sunlight in two dimensions to a point or small area, allowing heat flow without. Highly reflective dielectric back reflector for improved. Application guidelines 3m enhanced specular reflector esr description 3menhanced specular reflector esr is an ultrahigh reflectivity, mirrorlike optical enhancement film. Degradation problems with solar reflector materials can prove very expensive, and methods of predicting outdoor service life are seen as critical for commercial deployment of new materials.
For a given day, the productivity of modified solar still increase by. Optical system design s15 reflector telescopes joseph a. This can be particularly useful to turn seawater, brackish or even contaminated water into clean water safe for drinking. Investigation of reflective materials for the solar cooker. Pcm along with reflector solar still gives more efficiency. The actual solar energy utilization efficiency can be as high as 22%. Spacecraft thermal control systems mit opencourseware. A heliostat from helios, the greek word for sun, and stat, as in stationary is a device that includes a mirror, usually a plane mirror, which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target, compensating for the suns apparent motions in the sky.
Evacuated tube solar collector etsc is an efficient means used to harvest direct incident solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. However, in the active solar still, extra thermal energy is given to the passive solar still for faster evaporation, and hence increasing productivity. Theoretical study of the aspect ratio of a solar still with. Also we can use pcm integrated solar still during evening time when sunshine radiation are less or no more. Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for. The ivanpah solar electric generating system is a concentrated solar thermal plant in the mojave desert.
This device can be used for producing drinking water. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, mulyanef and others published performance experimental study of solar still with reflector to produce fresh water. By validating the theoretical results with experimental evidence, the analytical model can be used to accurately predict the optimum orientation and reflective material for any location and time of year. There are numerous designs and operational parameters along with climatic conditions that affect the performance of a passive solar still. Performance investigation of single basin double slope solar. The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and distillation output. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. One step azimuth tracking tiltedwick solar still with a. A basin type solar still with a flat plate external bottom reflector extending from the front wall of the still in addition to the internal two sides and back walls reflector is presented and. Lesson 4, concentrated solar power fundamentals article 2 figure 2. Reflector shades a flexible solar reflector and shade design some projects from the book low cost solar heating 100 daring schemes tried and untred, william shurcliff three mode reflecting and insulatiing plates for use the biers absorber and storage walls. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in. The optimum angle of a flat plate reflector and the optimum orientation of a vertical multipleeffect diffusion solar still coupled with a flat plate reflector throughout the year were numerically determined by tanaka and nakatake, with the assumption of being the still located at the equator and at 10, 20, 30 and 40 northern latitude.
Still always there is a rare area of the tube itself which is not facing the sunshine. Advanced reflector materials for solar concentrators. Performance of double basin solar still with evacuated. Enhancement of the thermal efficiency of the evacuated. Still was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested.
A squaremeter panel array, composed of about 6090 solar cells, will generate 5,300 0. The singleslope solar still sss has a back wall which acts as an internal reflector while the doubleslope solar still dss has no back wall. A simple reflector is proposed on top cover of conventional solar still. The receiver contains a fluid that is heated by the sunlight and then used to heat a traditional power cycle that spins a turbine that drives a generator to produce electricity. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it.
Solar stills are cheap and having low maintenance cost but the problem of solar still is the low productivity 2. The passive solar stills are conventional solar stills css which use the solar energy falling on the basin effective area as the only source of thermal energy. Performance improvement of solar water stills by using reflectors. Optimizing reflection and orientation for bifacial. The solar reflectors can be used to bake, cook, or fry all kinds of food, as well as, to generate steam. How solar powered distillation of water works solar powered distillation of water can be defined as measures to separate and extract clean water by vaporization.
Design, construction and testing of a parabolic solar. The effects of reflector design and lamp orientation. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Solar box oven cookers cannot always be tilted to face the sun if the sun is low in the sky. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. As the results, in the sunny weather conditions in beijing in the autumn, the daily water production of the tubular solar still is about 2.
This translate to the fact that solar stills being able to produce potable water. Based on the movements of the sun, passive solar buildings typically have windows glazing on the southern facing side of the building in order to absorb the suns heat energy to warm a building during the winter. Linear concentrator system basics for concentrating solar. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. Multibasin, multislop and solar still coupled with solar collector were suggested as improved and efficient designs 3. The solar still is an errorless well spring of freshwater for farming and drinking in far away, widely different areas or islands.
The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and. They are based on the scheffler type, as they are built of steel sections presenting 16 m. A thermal model for predicting the performance of a solar still with. Different designs of passive solar stills are fabricated and tested by various researchers to meet. Sustainability 6th grade classroom overview parabolic solar cookers are a trend of innovative cooking device that harvests sunlight, one of the most abundant and sustainable energy sources, to cook. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. This is just a rough test setup and its ugly, but the idea is just to confirm that it works before spending the time to do a nicer version. Distillate yield improvement using a parabolic dish. Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Umamaheswaran institute of energy studies, college of engineering, anna university, chennai600025, india email.
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master of science degree in mechanical engineering in the graduate college of. Reflector augmented solar cookers, stills, autoclaves with. Domestic solar dryer assisted with reflector consisted of following components. Figure 2 h is dependent on orientation solar panel orientation. Reflectors to improve the performance of solar collectors. The view factor is a function of the size, geometry, relative position, and orientation of two surfaces. Lowcost orientation system for a concentrating solar collector with static reflector and tracking receiver.
Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Performance investigation of single basin double slope. The orientation of the lamp and the design of the reflector influence the performance characteristics of the light source in the following ways. Scheffler reflector design the scheffler reflector design is a proven design for concentrating sunlight for the purpose of cooking, used extensively in india, and elsewhere. Sustainable agriculture irrigation system using a novel. The most productive solar still in winter is a still that has a cover angle of 20 and an internal and external reflector inclined at 20. Introduction solar distillation is a relatively simple treatment of brackish i.
Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water in solar stills. Solar collection type of solar collectors, photovoltaic. Tilted wick solar still with flat plate bottom reflector longdom. It deploys 173,500 heliostats, each with two mirrors focusing solar energy on boilers located on three centralized solar power towers. It concentrates sunlight in two dimensions to a point or small area, allowing heat flow without a dedicated mechanism such as transfer fluid. The solar energy is collected by the energy absorber, transported and then stored in a chemically based energy tank. It is located at the base of clark mountain in california, across the state line from primm, nevada. Similarly, hitesh et al15 analyzed the economic analysis and exergy analysis of integrated solar still. The findings suggest that a diffusely scattering reflector is a costefficient solution for. Investigation of reflective materials for the solar cooker john harrison florida solar energy center 24 december 2001 introduction a critical task in developing a solar cooker is to identify reflector materials that would be both suitable for this application as well as economical. Optical solar reflectors osr second surface mirror reflector. A useful comparison of both cases reveals that the maximum productivity of solar still increased from 0.
Pdf performance experimental study of solar still with reflector. The still is assumed to be rotated manually just once a day. Doing so may cause the cooking pot to tip over, or if the pot is on a swivel base, it may already be at its maximum swivel angle. Nov 11, 2015 passive solar stills are simple in construction, operation, usually smaller in size, and less costly. Al orientation of the still on spring and autumn equinox and summer hayek and. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon. Comparison of three different solar still graph no 3. Solar stills can be used for low capacity and self. The effect of all same parameters is then analyzed with this modification. Box 20423, nicosia 2152, cyprus received 18 june 2003. It is found theoretically that the double exposure still gained much more daily energy than that of the ordinary one. Results showed that the performance of integrated solar still is improved by 45% as compared with pyramid solar still without integration. While accelerated testing is commonly used to screen materials for concentrating solar thermal applications, little work has. Here we discuss the science and environmental effects.
A series of experiments were carried out using conventional solar still, modified solar stills with stone chips mss1, sand stones mss2, and calcium oxide mss3 for the period of may 2016. Construction and improvement of a scheffler reflector and. We report on the prototyping and development of a highly reflective dielectric back reflector for application in thinfilm solar cells. Testing the benefit of a reflector on a vertical solar space. Joel goodman is a research architect living in wisconsin, usa. Solar radiation is the input energy of the passive solar stills, but the efficiency of the system is low. Theoretical and experimental investigations on solar distillation of. Reflector augmented solar cookers, stills, autoclaves with pv pergola shade jh goodman oct 15, 2015. Experimental investigation for a new solar desalination system core.
A simple cpv system in which a nearby planar reflector reflects more light onto a solar panel. Experimentation is carried out total 14 days in month of may 2018 from 10th may, 2018 to 25th may, 2018. All solar heating equipment lose so much heat which reduces the solar panels efficiency to produce power. Solar thermal and pv should not be seen as competing technologies or products as they perform different functions and as shown below can be installed together to provide a well balanced solar energy harnessing system. Comparison of three different solar still graph no 4. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a one step azimuth tracking tiltedwick solar still with a vertical flat plate reflector. Nov 11, 2015 the simplest and easily accessible type of solar distillation is passive solar still which utilizes freely and abundantly available sun energy for removal of salinityimpurity from salinebrackish water. A key advantage of reflectors over just adding more collector area is that reflectors add to solar gain without adding to collector heat losses.
Athlone, westmeath, ireland, is focusing on solar energy. Ray hit absorber element after k reflections on the solar reflector, 0. We performed numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer in the still to determine the distillate productivity of the still. Orientation solar thermal or photovoltaic collectors need to be installed at an angle relative to the earth surface to maximize the amount of solar energy collected at specified times of the year. A typical example of design they study may be seen on figure 1.
Modified solar stills are also investigated by tanaka et al. Thus, reflectors are used to maximize the collecting area. The height of the panel h is defined by the width w in landscape orientation and the length l in portrait orientation. Design, fabrication and performance analysis of single basin. The core aim of the present work is to identify the influence of nanoparticles on productivity of singlebasin dualslope solar still through the experimental investigation with different glass cover orientations of still and the varying water depth in basin.
Shaw montana state university conics a conic is a surface of revolution formed by spinning a conic section around the axis. By observing the nail shadows, the system orientation was. Solar energy, active and passive solar stills, phase change material, finned surface, reflector. Design, fabrication and analysis of thermal storage solar. Keywords photovoltaic cells, concentrating pv cpv, photovoltaic, solar panel cooling, hydraulic canal, solar panel. Utilizing 3ms multilayer polymer technology, its nonmetallic thin film construction lends itself to incorporation into a wide. Performance of rotating solar still with rotating external. Optical power pti technical note the effects of reflector design and lamp orientation the obvious way to increase the optical output of a light source is to employ a bigger lamp. Free energy is utilized to drive the solar still hence the non renewable energy is conserved, free from risk, pollution, damage, occupies lesser space, installing and maintain cost of the solar still is less. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. Impact of orientation and water depth on productivity of. How solar powered distillation of water works energy.
According to the results aluminium coated paper is. Two effects solar still fath 1985, first effect purging to a second effect. These methods include the use of basic solar stills 9, 10, solar stills with improved output from compound parabolic reflectors 11, phase change material 12, a hemispherical solar still. A conventional solar still is the mwidely exploited solar distillation system. All reflector surfaces follow the basic principle shown in figure 8. Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Further the reflectors are strategically placed in a way that it would help cool down the solar cells with the use of natural air flow. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic.
Passive solar stills only utilize exorbitant available solar energy to remove the impurity in contaminated water, thus it is safe, clean, ecofriendly, and energy saving process. Temperature of the solar cell is also recorded at different wind speeds and with each different reflector and is compared with each other. For doublebasin singleslope solar still, still with reflectors, flat plate collector and the mini solar pond is the finest design with productivity improvement of 127. Solar panels 100 to 125100 to 125 momentum wheels 0 to 50 20 to 70. Pdf lowcost orientation system for a concentrating. Linear concentrating solar power csp collectors capture the suns energy with large mirrors that reflect and focus the sunlight onto a linear receiver tube. Study the effect of the external reflector on the efficiency. The earth is closest to the sun at a distance of about 1. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. In figure 3, h has been replaced with the appropriate dimension. Comparison of above conditions shows that there is increased in the output of the double basin solar still by 22% as compare with single basin because of reduce the heat loss from the upper portion of the lower basin of double basin solar still. Efficiency improvement of a typical solar panel with the use. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active.
Kalogirou department of mechanical engineering, higher technical institute, p. Several factors affect the efficiency of a solar still. Solar stills is the best method to obtain the pure water from the sea water. The still is assumed to be rotated manually just once a day at southing of the sun. The plant has a gross capacity of 392 megawatts mw. Pdf effect of inclination of the external reflector on the.
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